语义指向结构模式的多维考察

Multi-probe into Patterns of Semantic Orientation Configuration

客观世界的丰富多彩以及语言表达多维度的特点 ,致使语义指向的结构模式也呈多样化的态势。语义指向的结构模式可以从不同的角度概括为前指与后指、顺指与逆指、邻指与隔指、专指与兼指、单指与多指、强指与弱指、显指与潜指、内指与外指等八种。对语义指向结构模式的深入研究有助于促进计算机信息处理以及对外汉语教学学科的发展。

In terms of orienting directions or ways in which the orienting elements are oriented to their oriented elements, eight pairs of opposite structural patterns are summarized as follows: front and back orientations, sequent and converse orientations, adjacent and remote orientations, exclusive and inclusive orientations, mono and multi orientations, strong and weak orientations: explicit and implicit orientations, and internal and external orientations. When the oriented element is placed before its orienting one, it is named the front orientation; otherwise, the back orientation structure is formed. When the orienting element is oriented to its oriented one in a logical order, it is called the sequent orientation; otherwise, the converse orientation structure is formed. The front orientation might be the sequent or the converse orientation. So it is with the back orientation. When no other non-related element is placed between the two elements of the orientation structure, it is called the adjacent orientation; otherwise, the remote orientation structure is formed. The remote orientation reveals the contradiction of multi dimensions of men's cognition of their environments and the linear structure of their languages. When in a certain context, the orienting element is oriented only to one oriented element, it is called the exclusive orientation; otherwise the inclusive orientation structure is formed, in which an orienting element is oriented to more than one oriented element at the same time. The exclusive orientation is also called the mono orientation in a different perspective. Accordingly, when there is possibility the orienting element be allowed to be oriented to more than one oriented element, thus forming different orientation structures, it is called the multi orientation. When there exist more than one oriented element, and the orienting element chooses only one to form the orientation structure, it is called the strong orientation, and the remaining potential orientation structure(s) is or are weak orientation(s). In certain circumstances, some non-semantically related elements can form the explicit orientation structure through syntax adjustment, which makes the semantically related oriented element implicit, thus forming the implicit orientation structure. When the orienting element and the oriented element co-occur in the same sentence, they form the internal orientation structure, When the oriented element is default in the context or communication scene, they form the external orientation. The in-depth study on patterns of semantic orientation configuration might be able to enhance researches on both AI (artificial intelligence) and TCFL (teaching Chinese as a foreign language).