试论行政行为公定力之有限性

The exception of presume-legal validity of administrative action

行政行为的公定力不是绝对的,而是有一定限度的,无效的行政行为就没有公定力,相对人对之可以不予理睬甚至予以抵抗。但是在实践层面抵抗权的行使却处于尴尬的境地,由于实定法上行政行为无效制度的阙如,因而也就缺乏判断行政行为无效的可操作性标准。所以,立法上应确立行政行为无效制度。行政行为的有限性,除了行政行为的无效这种最主要的情形外,还包括在执行、举证责任的分配等方面的例外。

The presume-legal validity of administrative action is not absolute, but is limited. Void administrative action has no validity of presume-legal, administrative counterpart can ignore even resist it, but in practice, enforcement of the resistant right is embarrassed by lack of the system on invalidity of administrative action in law in force, so there is no specific standard by which we can judge the validity of administrative action. Therefore, legislation should stipulate the system of ineffectiveness of administrative action.The limition of administrative act not only include the ineffectiveness of administrative action but include the exception of carrying out and the distribution of giving evidence.