扎龙河滨湿地水系统脆弱性特征及影响因素分析

Analysis of Hydrological Vulnerability Characteristics and Influence Factors of Zhalong Riparian Wetlands

在总结分析国内外水资源脆弱性研究成果的基础上 ,提出了湿地水系统脆弱性概念 ,湿地水系统脆弱性表征了在湿地水文 -生态系统耦合演化背景下水系统的生态水文功能满足程度 ,并以著名湿地 -扎龙湿地为靶区 ,分析了湿地水系统脆弱性内涵和特征 ,详细讨论了降水量、气温、土地开发、水利工程建设及工农业污染对扎龙河滨湿地水系统脆弱性的影响 ,相应提出了减轻脆弱性程度的扎龙湿地水系统恢复措施和管理建议。

On the base of research on water resource vulnerability at home and aboard, the author brings forward the conception of hydrological vulnerability of wetlands, which represents guarantee degree of eco-hydrological function by wetlands' hydrological system on the back ground of the coupling of wetland hydrology and ecology, and according to the conception, classifies hydrological vulnerability into two kinds: intrinsic vulnerability and human disturbing vulnerability. The origin of wetlands hydrological vulnerability is from the randomicity and discontinuity of long term climate evolution and human disturbance. Taking world famous wetlands-Zhalong wetlands as example, the author has discussed the hydrlological vulnerability characteristics: (1) complexity and comprehensibility of inducements, which comes from the various manners that different industrial, agricultural, or hydraulic activities exert influence on the wetlands hydrology, (2) randomicity and discontinuituy of representation, which generalizes the appearance characteristics of hydrological vulnerability, resulting in the complexity and comprehensibility of its inducements, and (3) the coupling with ecological degeneration, which discusses the relationship between wetlands hydrological vulnerability and wetlands ecological degeneration. The dominant factors influence wetland hydrological vulnerability are precipitation, air temperature, soil exploitation, hydraulic engineering and pollution on it, which are analysised in full. Then the author put forward recovery measure and management suggests on Zhalong wetlands hydrological system to alleviate its vulnerability and prevent Zhlonglong wetlands' ecological degeneration.