泥炭沼泽脂类化合物有机地球化学研究进展

Progresses in Organic Geochemical Researches on Lipids of Mires

近 5 0年来 ,国内外泥炭沼泽有机地球化学研究取得了一系列重要进展 ,特别是在脂类化合物及其稳定同位素等方面。现代沼泽植物和泥炭的脂类化合物及其稳定同位素提供了丰富的有关有机质母源及成岩过程的信息 ,同时这些信息可以用来进行古植被、古气候和古环境的重建 ,潜在信息特征的多样性使他们成为多年来古环境研究领域的焦点。通过评述泥炭沼泽脂类分子标志物有机地球化学研究技术的发展 ,特别是研究技术的革新、研究方法的改进、时间分辨率的提高 ,同时分析了这些分子标志物与植被演替、气候变迁和环境变化之间的关系 ,并且对脂类化合物有机地球化学研究现在存在问题及未来发展趋势做了简要概括。

In the recent 50 years, a series of important progress have been made in the organic geochemical researches of mires, especially the lipids and their stable isotope. Usually, lipids in peat consist of the basic structure of original matter of organic source. Through the research on types、components and content of lipids in peat which belonged to different geological ages and sedimentary environment, we can get the paleo-environment information of organic source、climate change and sedimentary environment etc., which can be further used for rebuilding paleo-geography environment. The information is well supported by the stable isotope of corresponding geological history ages, pollen and annual ring. At present, little attention has been paid to the research on lipids in the sedimentary environment of peat and more has been focused on that of modern seas and lakes. The formation dynamism of lipids in peat is quite complicated, which not only depended on the quality of vegetation that provide carbon, but also were controlled by sedimentary environment and rock formation function. Lipids in peat recorded some detailed information such as vegetation succession、climate change、environment vicissitude and so on. Generally, lipids in peat that were based on sphagnum include alkanes, alkenes, fatty acids, ketones,alcohols,aromatic hydrocarbons and esters etc. These lipids and their stable isotopes which are better parameters of environment vicissitude are much more sensitive than plant species. Information as above can also be used for rebuilding paleo-vegetation、paleo-climate and paleo-environment. The diversity of these potential information features enabled them to become the focus of the research field of paleo-environment. The development of organic geochemical technology that lay particular emphasis on lipid biomarkers,and the research on the relationship between their markers and vegetation succession、climate change and environment vicissitude mainly embody themselves on technical renovation, the improvement of research means and temporal resolution. In this paper, the relationship between biomarkers and vegetation succession、climate change and environment were analyzed in detail, meanwhile, the existing problems and development trends of organic geochemical research on lipids were briefly reviewed.