518例阿片类依赖者复吸原因分析

An Analysis of Relapse Factors of Opioid Addicts

目的:了解阿片类依赖者脱毒后的复吸情况及原因,以提高戒毒的操守率。方法:采用《复吸原因调查表》调查518例阿片类依赖者脱毒后复吸的情况。结果:在518例被调查者中,复吸者486人,复吸率为93.4%,平均复吸次数为4.56±2.13。复吸原因:稽延性戒断症状是产生复吸的主要身体原因(占60.2%);为解除心情烦恼(占65.3%),打发无聊时间(占56.2%),再吸“最后一次”(占58.1%),是产生复吸的主要心理原因;戒毒后回归旧环境,触景生情(占53.3%),受毒友的影响(占61.8%)开始复吸,是产生复吸的主要社会原因;另外,吸毒者戒毒信心不足(45.0%以上),使不少吸毒者不能保持操守。身体、心理、社会因子对复吸的影响差异显著(F=6.36,P<0.01),经配对相关t检验,身体、心理因子对复吸的影响起决定作用。结论:选用合适的戒毒药品和在身体脱毒后进行心理康复是降低复吸率的必要手段。另外,政府的政策是控制吸毒的重要保证。

Objective: To understand the relapse condition and some possible reasons of opium addicts after drug abstinence so as to find a way to increase personal integrity rate. Methods: A survey utilizing ' 16-Items Relapse Factors of Drug Addiction' was conducted on 518 opium addicts after drug abstinence. Results: It was found that among the 518 cases, 486 relapsed within only one year. The relapse rate within a year was as high as 93.4% . The main reasons for this high relapse rate were as follows: As main physical factors they were successive withdrawal syndromes (60.2%), alleviating emotional distress (65.3%), killing free time (56.2%), and ' taking the last dose again' (58.1%); and as psychological factors they were back to the former environment (61.8%) and getting influenced by the familiar things (53.3%). What is more, lacking confidence to stop using drugs (45.0%) also made many addicts unwilling to stop drugs. The difference among the three main factors inducing relapse was obvious (F=6.31, P<0.01). The paired sample test suggested that the physical and psychological factors were decisive ones. Conclusion: The relapse results from physical, psychological and social factors together. Among them, physical and psychological factors are the main ones. Therefore, choosing right medicine for detoxification and conducting psychological treatment after physical abstinence are necessary to reduce relapse rate.