视觉比例尺对建立心像地图的影响

The Effect of Visual Scale on Founding Mental Map

地图并不是地面实际情况的简单缩小的拷贝 ,它是人类依据不同需要对地面事物认识后进行抽象和概括的地面模型。比例尺不仅确立了图面与实地之间的几何比例关系 ,而且反映了人类对空间认知抽象的程度。地图作为人类进行空间认知的有力工具 ,其地位从来就没有被其它的事物所动摇过 ,究其原因是地图的空间表达方式比其它表达方式更适合人类的思维。心像地图是人脑在综合了或智能处理了各种感觉所获得的诸多信息后产生的内部表征。而地图又是诸多信息源中最为重要的一种形式。本文通过视觉感受到心像的形成过程、分析心像地图的特性 ,提出了适应视觉感受因素的视觉比例尺的概念 ,并分析了视觉比例尺对建立心像地图的影响。

Map is not a simply copy of the earth but the model of it, which is abstracted and generalized based on different needs after man's cognition of the world.Scale is one of the important properties of map.Scale not only establishes the geometry scale relation between the map and the real world but also reflects the generalization degree of people's spatial cognition.As a powerful tool of spatial cognition, the map's status is never fluctuated by other things.After all, the map's expression mode of spatial is more fit to man's thinking.Mental map is the inside tokens that comes from the brain generalized or managed many kinds of information.Map is the most important form within these information sources.This paper advances the concept of visual scale that adapts to visual sensation by way of analyzing process from visual sensation to metal map and the characters of mental map.And the paper expounds the effect of visual scale on founding mental map.Mental map is the mental product of man's spatial cognition of the world.It is the main mode for man to cognize and transfers the spatial information.As a mental element, the mental map's form is conditioned and affected by many elements.Reading map is the effective way to found the mental map and cognize the spatial information.Different designs and means and quality of map have different effects on founding mental map.The excellent map design can offer the mental map that is alike the real world.This paper discusses the map design's effect on founding mental map.Scale is another important factor in map design.And the appropriate scale can help readers to found certain measure (right) mental maps.Although the map's main scale is ensured,different reading conditions and different representations of the map can make the reader found different metal maps.The paper also debates the relationships of visual scale and mental map.