论生态理性

On Ecological Rationality

认知科学奉行科学主义原则建构的推理模型是"纯粹理性"模型,这类模型以理性标准来衡量认识的合理性。但是人们实际面对的是一个无序的世界,人的实际推理活动具有模糊性、开放性和随机性的特点;人们实际的推理情境也是具体的,没有抽象的情境,因此认识的合理性不是抽象的合理性,而是具体的合理性。基于这种认识,生态理性模型充分考虑了自然情境结构的多样性和人类的时间、知识经验和计算能力的有限性,以具体情境下认识形式的结构与环境信息结构的适配性或对应性作为认识合理性的标准。与理性标准相比这是一个很低的标准,但在自然推理中这样的标准就足够了。生态理性模型从观念上为认知的整合研究确立了一个基点。

Scientism-based reasoning and decision-making models in cognitive science are so-called “noetic” ones who measure the reasonableness of a certain judgment or decision with the rationality norms. But in fact, when people reasoning or making a decision in the chaotic world their thinking process is fuzzy, open, and random; there's no abstract reasonableness in that the condition in which people reason is specific rather than general. Therefore in the ecological rationality model the diversity of the natural environment structures and the limitation of people's time, knowledge and computational capacity are contemplated, and only is the correspondence between the structure of cognition and that of the information in specific environment taken for the norm to measure the reasonableness of people's certain judgment and decision. Though correspondence is a rather lower standard than the rationality norms, in human natural reasoning it's just all right. The ecological rationality can be regarded as a starting point for the integral research of cognition.