节节麦与野生燕麦杂交研究

Study of Hybridization Between Aegilops Tausehii (COSS.) Sch.and Averla Fatual.

节节麦Aegilops tauschii (Coss·) Sch,2n=2x=14与通北野生燕麦Avena fatua L·2n=6x=42直接杂交成功。F_1有两株,一株优势很强,成穗143个,另一株生长很弱,从苗期开始脚叶就逐渐黄化,成穗14个。经花粉母细胞镜检表明,生长势很强的杂种,是自然加倍的双2倍体,染色体数为2n=8x=56。生长弱的杂种植株,是7倍体,染色体数基本上是2n=7x=49。这2株杂种芒长在护颖和外颖的背上,具有燕麦族芒长在外颖背上的族的特征性状。这2株杂种对国内白粉菌小种均表现免疫。节节麦及其他山羊草种,基本上是不抗白粉病的。7倍体植株的结实率极低。

The direct hybridization between Aegilops tauschii (coss.) Sch.2n=2x=14 and Avena fatua L.2n=6x=42 have been succeeded.F1had 2 plants,a plant was strong dominance which formed 143 ears.Another grew very weakly,from seedling stage its foot leaf yellowedgradually and the last formed 14 ears.F1 pollen maternal cells were checked with the microscope,the strong growing hybrid was naturaldoubled to double diploid which chrornosome number was 2n=8x=56.The weak growing hybrid was heptaploid which chromosome num-ber was 2n=7x=49.These 2 hybrids possessed the charascterstics of oat tribe awn of which grew on the lemma back.They showed immu-nity to all races of powder mildew inside the country.Aegilops tauschii and other Aegiiops spp.have little resistance to powder mildew.Thefruit—bearing rate of heptaploid plant was lowest.