菏泽牡丹园土壤甲螨群落特点研究

The community distribution of soil oribatida in Heze Peony Garden

调查共获甲螨 (隐气门亚目 )标本 6 16头 ,分别隶属于 17科 2 3属 ,其中合若甲螨属 (Zygoribatula)为优势属 (个体数占总数量的 10 %以上 )。利用 MGP-分析方法 (Aoki,1983) ,菏泽牡丹园土壤甲螨群落在种类上属 O型 ,在数量上分析属于 P型 ,这种结果可能是因为菏泽牡丹园受人为因素干扰较大所致。从 3个采样点的 MGP-分析 结果来看 ,三者的结果是互不相同的 ,MI、MII和 MIII分别为 O型、P型和 G型 ;但其 MGP-分析 的结果则均为 P型 ,这是由于合若甲螨属在 3个采样点中个体数量都非常多所致。由于甲螨具有表聚性 ,在 0～ 5 cm层土壤中 ,甲螨的种类和数量都往往表现为最高。在不同季节 ,土壤甲螨群落类型变化较为明显。M群、G群和 P群的高峰期都发生在 4月份左右。菏泽牡丹园土壤甲螨群落多样性较高 ,可达最大多样性指数的 79.2 6 % ,各采样点之间的多样性指数有一定的差异。其中 ,MII的多样性最高 ,MI次之 ,MIII的多性样最低。MI的合若甲螨属数量相对较多 ,可能是因为它所在的群落受人为干扰较大 ,这种干扰抑制了该群落中其他种群的生息繁衍 ,从而使适应性较强的合若甲螨属成了唯一的优势种类。 3个采样点中土壤甲螨群落之间的相似性较差 ,MI和 MII(0 .5 2 6 3) ,MI和 MIII(0 .5 0 0 0 )

In order to characterize the ecological distribution of the soil oribatida communities in Heze Peony Garden, we investigated the soil samples from Shangdong Heze Peony Garden during 2001 and 2002. Heze Peony Garden is located in the Zhaolou Village, which is three kilometers northeast of Heze city. The geographical position is north 35°20′ and east longitude 115°40′. Three sampling points were chosen: (MI) Zhaolou Peony Garden. (MII) Liji Peony Garden. (MIII) Zhaolou Peony planting field. Soil samples with cubage of 100cm^3 were collected once per month, twelve times in total. For each collection, samples from 3 points were quantified in three vertical layers: 0～5cm, 5～10cm and 10～15cm. At each point, three or four random samples were collected. Oribatidas, a soil animal, was separated from the soil within 48 hours after sampling using the method of Tullgren Dried Funnel. Samples were classified under an anatomical microscope and saved in 70% alcohol. The MGP-yep analytical method (Aoki, 1983) was used to analyze the group configuration and the Shannon-Weiner diversity index was used to determine group diversity. Pielou equability index, Simpson dominant degree index and Jaccard similarity were also calculated to determine the group similarity. In total, 616 soil oribatida specimens including 96 larvas and 520 matured oribatidas were identified. The 520 mature oribatidas were classified into 23 genera from 17 families, in which Zygoribatula was the dominant genera (>10%). MGP analysis indicates that the soil oribatida community in Heze Peony Garden not only matches the O Pattern in classification, but also matches the P pattern in quantification. The MGP analytical method I identified different patterns for each sampling point: O Pattern for MI, P Pattern for MII, and G Pattern for MIII. According to the MGP analytical method II, all three points belong to P Pattern. In addition, the soil Oribatida community in Heze Peony Garden showed a relatively high diversity index, which reaches to 79.26% of the most diversity index. MI has the highest diversity values while MIII has the lowest. The similarity analysis among samples is also consistent with the above results. According to Jaccard's coefficient, moderate similarities occur between MI and MII(0.5263) and between MI and MIII(0.5000). For the first time, our investigation elucidated the distributive characteristics of the soil oribatida community in Heze Peony Garden, which would be useful to further our understanding of the peony planting.