青岛奥运帆船赛区理化、生物要素现状及富营养化诱发赤潮的围隔实验

The status of chemical and biological factors and mesocosm experiment of eutrophication to cause bloom in the area for the Olympic sailing games in Qingdao

于 2 0 0 1年 8月和 9月对青岛 2 0 0 8年奥运会帆船比赛海域进行了理化、生物等要素的综合调查 ,并利用围隔生态实验手段 ,在太平湾进行了营养盐与赤潮的关系研究。结果显示 ,本海域水质良好 ,基本符合一类海水水质标准 ,仅有个别站位出现某种污染物超标现象 ,如 8月份麦岛附近海域氨氮和无机磷超标 ,石油烃 8月份在浮山湾东侧北海船厂附近超出一类海水水质标准。该水域的叶绿素 a含量较低 ,平均 0 .4 2 m g· m- 3,总的分布状况是太平湾西侧的海域较高。初级生产力 8月高于 9月 ,分别为 179.0 mg C m- 2· d- 1和 114 .0 mg C m- 2· d- 1。浮游植物以硅藻中的中肋骨条藻、奇异菱形藻、旋链角刺藻和塔形冠盖藻为主 ,其细胞数量 8月明显高于 9月 ,分别为 4 5 7.2 6× 10 4 m- 3和 16 .38× 10 4 m- 3,数量密集中心在调查区西部。浮游动物生物量 8月比 9月高近 10倍 ,分别为 2 39.1m g· m- 3和 2 4 .7mg· m- 3,强壮箭虫在生物量中起主要作用 ,生物量和个体数量的分布与浮游植物基本相反。加营养盐的围隔实验表明 ,加硅会导致海链藻、短弯角藻、丹麦细柱藻和中肋骨条藻中的任何一种赤潮 ,硅成为该海域的主要限制因子。

As the only partner city of the Beijing Olympic games, Qingdao will be the host city for sailing games. The marine environmental quality in the coastal water of Qingdao will be a very important criterion for “Green” Olympic games. In order to understand the status of ecological environment in this region, a comprehensive investigation was carried out in August and September 2001, and the impacts of nutrients on the occurrence of red tide was studied by a mesocosm experiment in Taiping Bay in August. The results showed that the sea water quality in the study area was good, as all requirements of Class 1 Sea Water were met. However, at a few stations, concentration of some pollutants clearly exceeded the criteria of Class 1 Sea Water. Ammonium and phosphate were much higher than their criteria in the area near Maidao in August. Petroleum oil exceeded the limit in the eastern Fushan Bay in August. The average chlorophyll-a in this region was low(0.42 mg m^(-3)). Highest concentrations of chlorophyll-a were found in the western region of Taiping Bay. Primary productivity was higher in August than that in September, at 179.0 mgC m^(-2) d^(-1) and 114.0 mgC m^(-2) d^(-1) respectively. Low primary productivity region appeared near Maidao ,where Secchi disc depth was the shallowest. The dominant species of phytoplankton were Skeletonema costatum、Nitzschia paradoxa、Chaetoceros curvisetus and Stephanopyxis turris. The total cell number was higher in August than that in September, with mean value of 457.26×10~4 cells m^(-3) and 16.38×10~4cells m^(-3) respectively. The area of highest cell density was located in the west of. The biomass of zooplankton in August was about ten times higher than that in September, at 239.1 mg m^(-3) and 24.7 mg m^(-3) respectively. Sagitta crassa contributed largely to total biomass. The distribution of biomass and individual density of zooplankton was highestin the middle of the study region where chlorophyll-a was lowest. The result of nutrients-addition mesocosm experiment showed that growth of Thalassiosira sp. Eucampia zoodiscus、Leptocilidrus danicus and Skeletonema costatum would occur when silicate was enriched. Silicate could be considered as the main limiting factor of phytoplankton growth here.