人工包埋胶丸种子的抗冷效应

Effects of Encapsulating Seeds on Chill Resistance

本实验胶丸种子是用海藻酸钠包衣的自然种子。它除了能提高抗旱性外,还能增强种子的抗冷性。实验进行冷处理的温度为1～5℃,处理时间随各类种子对低温的敏感程度不同而异。高浓度胶丸种子比低浓度胶丸的保温效果好。例如,黄瓜种子置于1～3℃中冷浸11天后,3%及6%胶丸种子发芽率分别为56.0%及74.7%,但高浓度胶丸种子的制作工艺难度较大,有待进一步探索。经过包埋的胶丸种子与未包埋的对照种子相比较,冷浸后的发芽率提高0.2～1倍多。幼苗长势也优于对照。以渗透调节剂、杀菌剂、生长激素及无机盐的混合液制成的胶丸种子抗冷效果良好。实验证明,胶丸种子抗冷性之所以能提高,是由于其种子的ATP含量高,种子内源乙烯含量增高,电导率下降所致。因此,胶丸种子作为一项抗冷措施可望应用于生产。

The encapsulating seeds which were used in the experiment were produced by encapsul-ating the natural seeds with Na—alginate.The encapsulating can improve the chili resistan-ce as well as the drought resistance of seeds. The chill treatment temperature was 3℃ and the treated time varied with the sensitivityof the seed to low temperature.The seeds encapsulated with high concentrationed Na--alginate had a better chill resistance than those trated with low—soncentrationed Na--alginate.for example,the germinating rate of cucumber seeds encapsulated with 3% and6% Na-alginate respectively was 56% and 74% after they were soaked in water at 1—3℃ for 11 days.But it is difficult to produce high concentrationed encapsulated seeds,whichneeds to be studied fu ther.Compared with the non—treated seeds,the germinating rates of encapsulating seeds canbe increased by 20% to 100% and the seedling of the encapsulating seeds grew better thannon-treated seeds.The seed encapsulated with the mixture consisting of osmotic regulato-r,germincide,plant regulator and inorganic salts has a good chill.resistance.Theexperiment showed that the chill resistance increasing is by reason of increasing of chilllesistanee ATP and endo—enthylene and the decreasing of electric conductivity in theencapsulaten seeds.Also the experiment showed that encapsulating seeds will be put intopractice as a method to increase the chill resistance.