豚鼠致死性球虫性肠炎病理学观察

Pathology of Lethal Coccidian Enteritis in Guinea Pigs

目的 了解豚鼠致死性艾美尔球虫性肠炎的病理形态学特征。方法 剖检卡介苗安全试验中发病及死亡豚鼠 11只 ,并进行肠内容物细菌分离鉴定、寄生虫形态学检查以及病理组织学观察。结果 主要病变在盲肠和结肠 ,尤以结肠为重。表现肠壁增厚、肠粘膜上皮与腺上皮细胞广泛地被不同发育阶段的球虫侵害 ,致使上皮变性、肿胀、坏死或脱落 ,形成表浅溃疡 ,肠粘膜和固有层均有程度不等的水肿、充血和为数不多的炎性细胞浸润。粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜均未见发育期球虫寄生 ,也未见炎症反应。胃和小肠的粘膜 ,部分动物有轻度炎症反应。其它脏器如肝、肾、心可见变性等病理改变。结论 豚鼠艾美尔球虫偶尔也会引起严重的致死性感染。盲肠和结肠粘膜广泛病损及其粘膜上皮和腺上皮细胞内有发育期球虫寄生具有特征性 。

Objective To study the pathological feature of lethal coccidian enteritis in guinea pigs. Methods Dissect 11 pathogenic and dead guinea pigs in safety test of BCG, isolate pathogens from feces for identification, morphological observation of parasites and histopathological examination. Results Pathological changes were mainly located in cecum and colon, especially in colon. The changes expressed as increased thickness of intestinal wall and the wide invasion of coccidia at various development stages into the epithelial cells of mucosa and gland. The invasion caused the degeneration, oedema, necrosis or exfoliation of epithelia, and superficial ulcer was formed. The edema and hyperemia at different degrees and a small number of inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in mucosa and lamina propria. No coccidian at development stage was observed in submucous layer, tunica muscularis or serous coat. Mild inflammatory reactions were observed in the mucosa of stomach and small intestine of a part of animals. Pathological changes such as degeneration were also observed in other organs including liver, kidney and heart. Conclusion Cimeria caviae causes serious lethal infection in guinea pigs occasionally. The wide pathological lesions in cecum and colon, as well as the parasitism of coccidia at development stage in epithelial cells of mucosa and gland, may be used as a basis of pathological diagnosis of lethal coccidian enteritis.