不同棉花品种苗期钾效率差异的初步探讨

Potassium Efficiency of Different Cotton Varieties at Seedling Stage

通过营养液培养研究了4个棉花品种苗期在不同钾水平下的生长及钾营养状况等方面的差异。供试的4个品种钾效率系数存在显著差异。其差异首先在外部形态上表现出来,高效品种较低效品种具有明显的生长优势。叶绿素含量在低钾时,各个品种均表现为上部叶高于下部叶;在较高钾水平时,上部叶片与下部叶片的叶绿素基本相当。低钾时,植株的茎叶钾含量有大于根部钾含量的趋势。较高钾时,根和叶片的钾含量基本相当,都大于茎的钾含量;愈是低钾地上部钾素积累量占的百分率愈大,钾素愈向上部转移。效率较高的鄂抗8号钾积累量是效率低的国抗1号的4.31倍,说明高效植物的钾吸收效率高。在较高钾水平时,不同品种钾积累量差距减少。上述结果也说明通过扩大棉花品种的筛选规模,确定合适的钾的筛选浓度,从棉花筛选获得典型的钾高效的基因型是可行的。

: This experiment is conducted to study the growing and potassium (K) nutrition of four cotton varieties(Guo Kang 1; E Kang 3; E Kang 8; E Kang 10)through water culturing. The research started on Aug 4th,2000, and accomplished on Sep 2th.The experiment adopted H·C·АВДОНИН ingredient water culturing and installed two K levels(1 mg·L^(-1) and 5 mg·L^(-1)),each level were three repetitions. Firstly, Cotton seeds were dipped into 50～60℃ water for 30 minutes, then kepted them indoor of normal temperature. When bud emerged, they were put in the water culture and add nutrition elements. The pot bulk is 20 L, each plastic pot had 12 plants, which had been placed at the Lab terrace, and everyday added oxygen for 10 hours to the water culture through machine. During the course of growing, the water culture was changed once a week and much attention was paid to deal with plant illness and plant worm. We also observed color change of the root and water, besides recording the plant heights and the number of leaf. Finally harvested the roots, the stems and the leaves apart,and placed them into oven at 105℃ for 30 minutes, then dried at 70℃ for 24 hours. After grinding the samples, analyses were done on them. The results manifested the K efficiency coefficients exist prominent difference (K efficiency is the rate of low K level plant weight to high K level plant weight). K efficiency coefficients of the four varieties are 0.12,0.15,0.18 and 0.13,respectively. The experiment showed different distinction to K deficiency from appearance, high-efficiency varieties grew much better than low-efficiency ones.