农艺因素对杂交棉浙杂166纤维产量和品质的影响及若干生理性状的杂种优势(英文)

Effects of Agronomic Factors on Lint Yield and Quality of Hybrid Cotton Zheza 166 and Its Heterosis in Some Physiological Traits

在三个地区进行了大田试验和盆栽试验,研究农艺因素对杂交棉浙杂166的纤维产量和品质的影响及杂交种若干生理性状的杂种优势。结果表明,最佳种植密度和氮肥用量因地区而异,金华点要比杭州和慈溪要求较低的种植密度和较高的氮肥用量;播种日期以4月15日播种地膜覆盖的处理铃数最多。从纤维产量和衣指上看,最适密度和氮肥用量分别为每公顷4.5万株和180kg,播种日期为杭州和慈溪为4月15日,金华为4月20日,播种后全部地膜覆盖。不同密度、氮肥用量及播种期之间,纤维品质无显著差异,但慈溪点表现为N1(135kg·hm 2)处理的纤维长度显著低于其它氮肥用量较多的处理。叶绿素含量(以SPAD表示)生育期间变异很大,在初花期和吐絮期,杂交种浙杂166高于其双亲和常规品种泗棉3号,而在盛花期和结铃期恰好相反。杂种及其双亲的MDA含量在生育期间也表现出较大的变化,且杂种的变化模式与不育系相似,表现为蕾期较低,而初花期及此后保持较高。与双亲相比,浙杂166具有明显的SOD杂种优势,生育期间的变化模式也与不育系相似。

Pot and field experiments were carried out on 3 locations in Zhejiang province to study the effects of agronomic factors on lint yield and quality of hybrid cotton Zheza 166 and its heterosis in some physiological traits. The results showed that the optimal plant density and N application rate in terms of boll number varied in locations, and Jinhua required lower plant density and more N fertilizer than both Hangzhou and Cixi. In the experiement invovled in planting patterns, the highest boll number was obtained in the plants sowed on April 15 and covered with mulch membrane. As to lint yield and lint index harvested before frost ,the optimum plant density and N level were 45000 plants per hactre and 180 kg N per hactre, respectively, and the optimal planting pattern was that sown on April 15 and covered with mulch membranes both for Hangzhou and Cixi; and sown on April 20 and covered with mulch membranes for Jinghua. No difference was found among N fertilizer rates, plant densities and planting patterns in all fiber quality characters, except in Cixi, treatment N1 made significant short fiber length than other N treatments. There is a great variation in chlorophyll content as evaluated by SPAD value over the growth, the hybrid had higher values than its parents and a conventional cultivar, Simian 3 at initial flowering and boll-opened stages, but lower at fully flowering and boll-setting stages. In addition, a great fluctuation of MDA content during the growth was found in both the hybrid and its parents. The changed pattern of the hybrid over the growth stage was basically same as its male sterile line in that MDA content was relatively low at squaring stage, but remained quite high at initial flowering stage and thereafter. The heterosis in SOD activities was distinctly detected in the hybrid Zheza 166, but with the same changed pattern of SOD activity over the growth as the male-sterile line.