西昌市生态空间占用及其生态系统安全评估

APPRAISAL OF ECOSYSTEM SECURITY AND ECOLOGICALAPPROPRIATION IN XICHANG

生态系统安全的概念应该与人类的可持续发展联系在一起,其安全的目标在于为人类的生存和发展提供持续和良好的生态服务功能,在这一意义上,生态安全就是生态系统的可持续性。生态系统安全是新兴的生态系统管理学概念,是新的环境管理和生态系统管理目标。利用生态占用分析方法,对西昌市整个生态系统的生态盈亏和生态系统安全进行评估,得出西昌市目前人均生态赤字0.6hm2和生态安全受到挑战的结论。并进行了生态占用的敏感性分析:能源资源消耗降低10%,人均生态赤字降低5.32%;产量因子提高10%,人均生态赤字降低14.01%;能源消耗减低10%,同时产量因子提高10%,人均生态空间赤字减少降低19.33%。指出了能源循环利用、资源节约、技术革新和单位面积资源增值等为主要特征的生态产业发展对生态系统保育的意义和效应。

Ecosystem security is associated with sustainable development, the function of ecosystem security lies in supplying ecological service for human being. An attempt is made to assess the sustainability of ecosystem in various aspects of environmental degradation during the next few decades. Ecological appropriation as a tool for ecosystem security and sustainability assessment is widely used. The ecological appropriation presents a sample framework for national or regional natural capital accounting. In this paper, security and carrying capacity of ecosystem in Xichang, Sichuan, China was analyzed based on the theory of Ecological Appropriation. Analysis illustrates that the carrying capacity of ecological footprint is only 0.8 hm^2, ecological deficit is per capita 0.6 hm^2, the security of ecosystem is threatened due to resource exploitation dependence on local resource absolutely in Xichan; sensitivity analysis shows that the ecological footprint per capita will decrease 2.21%, ecological deficit per capita decrease 5.32%, while energy consumption decrease 10%; bio-carrying capacity per capita will increase 9.92%, ecological deficit per capita will decrease (14.01%,) while agricultural output increase 10%. In this context, the goal of enhancing ecosystem health and stability through eco-industry development forms effective and important measure. Development of eco-industry is an essential tool for decreasing ecological deficit from the local level to regional level.