中国城市污水处理厂资源配置效率的比较

Comparative study on resource allocation efficiency of urban wastewater treatment plants in China.

采用平均生产函数模型、边界生产函数以及数据包络分析(DEA)模型3种方法,对中国81个污水处理厂的样本观测数据,从不同角度进行了比较研究,分别得出上述3种模型对产出弹性、技术效率和规模经济性等主要指标的模拟结果.研究发现,资本对我国城市污水处理厂的产出弹性最大(0.507),其次是运营电耗(0.415),再次为劳动力;我国污水厂普遍处于规模报酬率递增阶段,样本总体的规模报酬率为1.11;根据DEA的分析结果,列出了81个样本污水厂的效率排序清单,这将有助于制定行业绩效标准.

Three methods i.e., average production function (APF), frontier production function (FPF) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, are employed to quantitatively assess the efficiency of China抯 urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and to identify the critical factors affecting the efficiency. Based on the data from 81 surveyed WTTPs, the three models are solved and some variables are gained. The examined variables cover the production elasticity of input factors, technological efficiency, return rate to scale, and so on. The study finds that capital is the factor with the highest production elasticity (0.507), which is followed by electricity with the production elasticity of 0.415, and labor is the factor with lowest production elasticity. The average rate to return derived from the APF model is 1.11, which shows that there is high potential to increase the profit by augmenting the inputs. Based on the results from DEA model, the relative efficiency of each sample WTTP is gained and a full WTTP list can be ordered by efficiency, which would be helpful to establish the benchmark standard for efficiency regulation.