我国弃耕地植被的恢复与重建研究概述

Review of the Grassland Restoration and Recostruction of the Abandoned Land

退耕地草地植被恢复与重建的理论是目前我国进行“退耕还草”、“天然草地保护”和“退牧还草”等工程的重要科技支撑,是我国进行草原地区生态环境治理与改善的理论基础和实践保障。文章主要涉及弃耕地草地植被恢复与重建的理论基础及实践措施,详细论述了弃耕地草地植被恢复过程中自然恢复的演替过程、土壤种子库的重要作用、土壤有机质的变化规律、草地植被盖度的变化规律,并根据草地生态系统理论,采取一些促进植被快速恢复的措施,如采用人工配置的植物群落组合代替自然恢复的缓慢演替过程,采用除草剂、灌溉、施肥及耕作等措施;综述比较了众多学者对弃耕地研究的成果,对于不同类型弃耕地草地植被的恢复与重建具有指导意义。

The theory and practice of the grassland restoration and reestablishment is the basis and guar- antee of many ecological project,such as the arable land with grass project,protect of nature rangeland project and forbidden grazing for restoring rangeland etc.This article reviewed the theory and practice of restoration and reestablishment of the abandoned land.The seed bank had important role during the mature recovery of the abandoned land.The content of soil organic matter and vegetation cover changed during the recovery.The recovery process could be improved and accelerated with artificial measures such as reseeding,herbicide,ir- rigation,fertilizer and plowing,Which are the effective measures to improve the restoration of abandoned land. The article makes a comprehensive comparison of many study results abouts abandoned land restoration and has great significance of different type of restoration of the abandoned land.