原油中氯化物的来源和分布及控制措施

SOURCES AND DISTRIBUTION OF CHLORIDES IN CRUDE AND THE CONTROL MEASURES

从国内一些原油的分析数据可看出,原油中的氯化物有无机和有机氯化物两种。原油经电脱盐后无机氯脱除率可达88％-99％,但有机氯含量几乎不减少。分析了某原油及其各窄馏分的氯含量,结果表明,350℃以下各窄馏分中的氯主要是有机氯,无机氯很少;350℃以上馏分的总氯含量最高,且有机氯和无机氯含量均较高;150℃以下各窄馏分总氯含量较高,200～350℃各窄馏分的总氯含量较低,150-200℃各窄馏分的总氯含量最低。原油中的有机氯主要来源于采油过程中加入的含氯油田化学助剂。原油经电脱盐后,加人的水基类油田化学助剂可除去,但油基和乳化液类化学助剂不能除去,因此应停止使用油溶类的含氯油田化学助剂。

Analysis data of domestic crude show that both inorganic and organic chlorides are existed in crude. Removal rate of inorganic chlorides has reached 80% -99% after electrical desalting but the organic chlorides almost remain the same. Chlorides content in a kind of crude and its distillates are analyzed and the result shows that chlorides in the distillate below 350t mainly are organic with few inorganic. The total chloride content is the highest, and both organic and inorganic content are higher; Total chloride content is higher in the distillate below 150t; Total chloride content is lower in the distillates of 200 - 350℃, and it is lowest in the distillates of 150 -200℃. Chloro-chemical assistant adding in the oil recovery process is the main source of organic chlorides in crude. Water base oil field chemical assistant can be removed after crude electrical desalting but oil base and emulsion chemical assistant cannot be removed. So oil-soluble chloro-chemical assistant shall not be used in oil field.