南方直播水稻浅沟渗灌节水增产机理研究

Study on yield increasing mechanism of the infiltration irrigation through shallow furrow to the southern direct sowing rice

采用浅沟渗灌技术,对南方直播水稻的节水增产机理进行了研究。结果表明,在高温多雨的气候条件下,水稻浅沟渗灌栽培技术既可大幅度节水,又能显著提高产量,与常规淹灌栽培相比,浅沟渗灌技术在早稻的整个栽培过程中,可节水3129m3/hm2,节水率达48.1%;同时显著减少土壤中的还原物质,提高根系活力,使白根数量增加32.62%,黑根和黄根数量分别减少20.04%和12.58%;浅沟渗灌栽培可降低田间的空气湿度,增强通风透光性,减少水稻病害,从而提高叶片的生活力;浅沟渗灌还能促进水稻分蘖,使有效穗增加11.53%,谷粒千粒重提高1.0g,使产量增至10845kg/hm2,增产1320kg/hm2,增产率达13.9%。

The mechanism on saving water and increasing yield to the southern direct sowing rice was studied by the technology of infiltration irrigation through shallow furrow.The results show that:under climate of high temperature and heavy rain,infiltration irrigation through shallow furrow is applied so as to save irrigation water in the rice cultivation.This may both save water greatly and increase the yield of rice.To contrast infiltration irrigation through shallow furrow with normal irrigation with water layer,the early rice saves water of 3 129 m^3/hm^2 in the full growing time,and water saving rate comes up 48.1%.Under the infiltration irrigation through shallow furrow,the poisonous substance in the soil is decreased,the growing vigor of root is increased,the white roots increase 32.62%,the black and yellow roots decrease 20.04% and 12.58%,respectively.Because the infiltration irrigation through shallow furrow reduces the moisture in rice field,the disease harm to the rice is decreased,and the growing vigor of the leaves is increased.Infiltration irrigation through shallow furrow promotes the tillering of rice,and effective ears increase 11.53%,and the weight of thousand grain inceases 1.0 g.Therefore,it increases the rice yield significantly,and it comes up to 10 845 kg/hm^2,and 1 320 kg/hm^2 of the yield is increased,and the rate of increasing yield comes up 13.9%.