相对稳定时期的魏玛共和国民主政治

The Weimar Republic Democratic Politics During the Period of the Relative Stability

相对稳定时期 ( 1 92 4 1 92 9) ,魏玛共和国议会民主制得以维持和发展 ,亲共和国的政党仍占重要地位 ,反共和国的政治势力处于低潮 ,普鲁士作为“民主的堡垒”日益凸现 ,在巴伐利亚、国防军中也发生了某些积极变化。与此同时 ,亲共和国的政党也表现出力量发展不平衡与影响下降的趋势 ,政党政治碎片化的加速、反共和国政治势力重新聚集力量并开展反共和国的联合行动、民主政治不断右转、政党与议会制度危机重重 ,显示了魏玛共和国政治稳定的相对性。这一情况的发生是与共和国强大旧势力的存在与保守反动思想的影响、劳资力量对比的变化、社会民主党采取的策略路线、中间等级的恐慌、民族主义和民族情绪的影响分不开的。

During the period of relative stability, the parliamentary democratic system of the Weimar republic was maintained and expanded: While the pro-republic parties held a dominant position, the anti-republic parties was in low tide; Prussia was emerging as “the bulwark of democracy”; Some favorable changes had taken place in Bavaria and Reichwehr; The morale of pro-republic was raised. At the same time, the power of pro-republic parties showed the tendency that its development lost balance and its influence declined; the acceleration of the party polities' fragmenting, the re-concentration and allied action of the anti-republic forces, democratic politics’ tendency towards the right, crises of the party system and the parliamentary system, all these showed the relative political stability of the Weimar republic, which was inseparable from these factors: powerful old force of republic, conservative and reactionary thoughts, the changes of the strength’s comparison between labor and capital, the tactful route adopted by SPD, the panic in the Mittelstand, nationalism and national sentiments.