苏南土改中的划分阶级成分和反封建问题

The Identification of Class Structure and Anti-feudalismof the Land Reform in Southern Jiangsu

划分阶级成分是土地改革中极其复杂而又重要的工作,是决定土地改革运动能否健康发展的关键。苏南农村土地占有关系复杂,地少人多,平均占有量少,工商业及副业发达,又兼有田底权、田面权之分,义田、义庄、义仓、义宅比较普遍。因而苏南农村虽然也存在封建剥削,但在表面上阶级矛盾得到了缓和,农民对地主的仇恨心不强,给土地改革的发动带来了困难。针对苏南农村的特点,苏南区委对各类阶级成分的划分制定出了详细的规定,通过农民与地主面对面的激烈斗争,充分地发动了群众。在这一过程中,也出现了一些斗争过火和错划、漏划的问题。本着实事求是的精神,苏南区委对此偏差进行了纠正,取得了较大的成绩。苏南土改通过划分阶级成分和反封建斗争,消灭了地主阶级,摧毁了苏南几千年来的封建统治,巩固了人民民主专政,开始了农村经济建设的新篇章。

The identification of class structure, as the most complicate and important work, was the key to the success of the land reform movement. In the rural area of southern Jiangsu, the land ownership was very complicated, and per capita possession of land was relatively small. In addition to booming industries, sideline production and commerce, the popular charity lands, granaries and houses, plus the system of land ownership and land use ownership, helped to alleviate the class conflict even though feudal exploitation did exist. As a result, the peasants did not bear a strong hatred to landlords, making it difficult to launch the land reform movement. Given such a situation, the government formulated a detailed regulation to identify the class structure. By making the peasants confronting the landlords face to face, they fully motivated the peasants. Yet in this process, the problem of the overdoing and neglect did arise. Upholding the principle of truth, the government rectified these mistakes and saw to remarkable achievements. Though the identification of class structure and fighting against feudalism, the land reform in southern Jiangsu rural area uprooted the landlord class and thousand-year-old feudal system, consolidated the people's democratic dictatorship, and turned a new leaf in rural economic construction.