内源ABA和GA_3对欧洲甜樱桃花芽自然休眠的调控

Studies on Regulations of Endogenous ABA and GA_3 in Sweet Cherry Flower Buds on Dormancy

以8年生欧洲甜樱桃为试材,采用液相色谱法分析了自然休眠期间花芽内源GA3和ABA含量变化及相关环境因子的影响。结果表明,休眠期间,花芽ABA含量呈先升后降的趋势,11月上旬达顶峰。GA3含量变化与其相反,休眠初期急剧下降,11月下旬达最低谷,休眠解除期间含量不断上升。ABA/GA3随休眠加深而升高,随休眠解除而不断降低。低温(5℃)显著增加了GA3含量,降低了ABA含量,使ABA降低和GA3升高的时间提前,较对照提早解除休眠。高温(20℃)则具有相反的作用,变温(5/20℃)处理对休眠解除有一定作用,但由于高温(20℃)对休眠解除的抵消作用,其破眠效果不如持续低温(5℃)处理明显。落叶前遮荫处理使GA3含量稍有降低,但对ABA影响不大。长光周期处理促进了GA3的合成,抑制了ABA的生成,从而抑制了休眠,而短光周期处理显著提高了ABA的含量,降低了GA3的含量。

Changes of endogenous ABA, GA3 content, ABA/GA3 value in sweet cherry flower buds and effects of correlative environmental factors were investigated during dormancy on 8-year-old ' Jueze ( ) and ' Zao Hongbaoshi' (Py6 ) sweet cherry trees with HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). It was found that ABA content rose steadily in primary stage and dropped in later stage during dormancy, and its maximum appeared at the begin of November. Contrary to ABA, GA3 content dropped sharply in primary stage of dormancy and rose steadily during release of dormancy, its minimum appeared at the end of November. Moreover, ABA/GA3 value rose with the deepening of dormancy and dropped with the release of dormancy. Temperature affected ABA and GA3 content in dormant flower buds: low temperature ( 5 ℃ ) raised GA , content and reduced ABA content obviously, moreover, the time when ABA began to fall and GA3 content began to rise advanced after low temperature treatment, which made flower buds release dormancy earlier than control. The effect of high temperature (20℃) was contrary to that of low temperature (5℃). Variable temperature (5/20℃) affected dormancy release slightly, but its effect was less remarkable than 5℃ treatment because of the counteract of 20 ℃. Overshadow treatment before defoliation could reduce GA3 content slightly, but its effect on ABA content was little. The synthesis of GA3 was promoted and synthesis of ABA was inhibited after long photoperiod treatment, contrary to that, short photoperiod treatment raised ABA content and reduced GA3 content sharply.