论跨国公司的国际人权责任

On the Human Right Accountability of Transnational Corporations

跨国公司承担人权责任的依据包括国内法(东道国法律和母国法律)、国际法、非正式的规制(非政府组织的监督和跨国公司的自律)等。在人权保护领域,东道国对跨国公司的规制心有余而力不足,母国虽有能力却大多不愿积极地规制跨国公司在海外的行为。来自非政府组织的监督和跨国公司的自律尚不足以成为其承担人权责任的有效保障。强化跨国公司国际人权责任的措施应当包括两个方面:一是以国际条约强化母国对跨国公司的规制责任,二是制定有约束力的直接适用的国际法规则以规制跨国公司侵犯人权的行为。

The legal foundations of TNCs' human rights accountability include domesticlaw (law of host states and home states), international rules of law and informal regulations (NGO's monitoring and TNCs' self-regulations). Informal regulations on TNCs cannot act as effective measures to guarantee the undertaking of human rights accountability. Two measures shall be taken to strengthen TNCs' human rights accountability: one is to strengthen home states' responsibility on regulating TNCs behavior in relation to human rights, the other is to adopt binding and directly applicable international rules of law.