茶树油抗菌活性的实验研究

An Experimental Study of the Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Tea Tree (Melaleuca Alternifolia)

目的:观察茶树油对白色念珠菌、耐药金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽胞杆菌及芽胞、大肠埃希茵、铜绿假单胞茵和痢疾志贺茵的抗茵活性。方法:将试验中的微生物分别与不同浓度茶树油混合后进行两次培养,观察培养结果。用纸片琼脂扩散法观察不同浓度茶树油纸片对各种微生物产生的抑茵圈。结果:茶树油浓度≥10 mL·L^(-1)时对铜绿假单胞茵有很好的抗菌活性,浓度≥5 mL·L^(-1)时对白色念珠茵和其他各种细菌都显示出很好的抗茵活性,浓度为2.5 mL·L^(-1)时对痢疾志贺菌仍有明显的抗茵活性,浓度为1.25 mL·L^(-1)时对枯草芽胞杆菌及芽胞仍有明显的抗茵活性。各浓度茶树油纸片只对枯草芽胞杆菌产生抑茵圈。结论:茶树油对试验中的真菌、细菌及芽胞有明显的杀菌作用和持久的抑茵作用。

Objective: To survey the antimicrobial activity of tea tree oil (TTO) against Candida albicans, drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and its spore, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae. Methods: All the microorganisms to be tested were incubated overnight in broth media containing different concentrations of TTO. Then the mixtures from the broth were inoculated into broth and solid media and were once more cultured overnight, Results of the cultures were kept under observation. The paper disc agar diffusion method was used to determine the bacteriostatic zones resulted from the effects of several concentrations of TTO against all of the microbes tested. Results: TTO in concentrations≥10 mL·L^(-1)(v/v) was shown to exert excellent antimicrobial effect on P. aeruginosa; TTO in concentrations ≥5 mL·L^(-1) showed significant antimicrobial activities against C. albicans and all other bacteria tested; TTO at a concentration of 2.5 mL·L^(-1) still had distinct antibacterial activity against S. dysenteriae while the oil at a concentration of 1.25 mL·L^(-1) remained actively antibacterial against B. subtilis and its spores. TTO in all concentrations used resulted in the appearance of bacteriostatic zones only for B. subtihs in paper disc agar diffusion. Conclusion: TTO was shown to exert pronounced bactericidal and lasting bacteriostatic activities against the fugus, bacteria and their spores tested.