超越GATT/WTO:美国对外贸易法中双边主义的复兴

Transcending the GATT/WTO: the Renewing Bilateralisn in American Foreign Trade Act

双边主义是由两个国家(或地区)参加并协商解决问题的一种理论和主张。自20世纪60年代中后期以后,随着美国世界经济霸主地位的丧失,美国已不能从GATT/WTO规则中获取更多的优惠,转而谋求一种更为直接、快捷、有效的贸易体制来扩大进出口,发展经济。双边协定,特别是双边自由贸易协定满足了这种要求,但也对GATT/WTO多边贸易规则产生深远的负面影响。

The bilateralism is a theory that two countries (or regions) take part in and work out problems by negotiation. Since late 1960s in 20th century, with the losting of the most important role in world ecomomy, U. S. hasn' t take more preferences from the GATT/WTO and therefore pursues a direct quick and effective trade system for increasing its imports and exports and developing its economy. The bilateral a-greements, especially the bilateral free trade agreements coincide with the demands, but also give rise to substantial adverse effect on multilateral trade rules in the GATT/WTO.