镉污染对居民健康影响及因素分析

Influence of Cadmium Pollution to the Health of Residents

目的 了解镉污染对居民健康尤其是对女性生殖健康的影响,为镉污染防制提供科学依据。方法 选择福建省一铅锌矿所在地的“污染区”与“对照区”,进行现场流行病学、卫生学与入户问卷调查,并进行尿镉、尿β_2-微球蛋白等实验室检测。结果 污染区居民健康状况比非污染区差,阳性症状、体征都较对照区多;慢性病危险因素Logistic回归分析表明,居住污染区(OR值为2.199)、中年人是患慢性病的危险因素(OR值为2.382),多吃新鲜蔬菜是保护因素(OR值为0.76);生殖功能损害影响因素的多分类有序Logistic回归模型表明,居住污染区的危险因素OR为1.36,每天多吃新鲜蔬菜是生殖功能损害的保护因素(OR值为0.55)。结论 镉污染对居民健康尤其是对女性生殖健康的影响应予关注。对污染区居民而言,每天多吃新鲜蔬菜、可减少镉污染对健康尤其是对女性生殖健康的影响。

Objective The influence on resident health by cadmium pollution was investigated to make the suggestions for the pollution control. Methods One pollution area (P) and One healthy area (H) was selected in a county in which a lead-zinc factory was locating and working now. An epidemiological questionnaire survey and laboratory examine were carried out (for urine cadmium and β_2 micm-globulin). Results 1. The health situation of the residents in P-area was worse than H-area; 2. Living at P-area(OR≈2.199), adults aged over 40 (OR≈2.382) and were risk factors for suffering from chronic diseases and reproduction disor-ders; Wkile vegetable consumption was protect factors. Conclusions The influences on resident health by cadmium pollution,espe-cially on human reproduction function, should he concerned. More vegetable in daily diets and smoking control are helpful to prevent the health hazard especially to female reproduction from Cadmium Pollution.