科学合理性的哲学分析

A Philosophical Analysis of the Rationality of Science

科学经常被视为人类合理性的典范,但随着库恩的历史主义的兴起,这一观点受到了颇多挑战。论文分析了逻辑实证论、波普、牛顿一史密斯以及劳丹等人的合理性概念,并指出了其中的不足。作者试图寻找波普“批判理性主义”中更为根本的精神,最终将合理性分析为批判性。科学是理性的,因为科学共同体对自己的价值观、方法论、理论都持批判的态度。对“批判”概念的进一步哲学探讨,将最终揭示合理性的内涵。

Science is usually regarded as the paradigm of human rationality. But with the rise of Kuhn' s historicism, the point greets many challenges. The paper criticizes the points of Logical Positivists, Popper, Newton - Smith, and Laudan. The author tries to find the fundamental position of Popper's Critical Rationalism,' and then analyze rationality as criticism. Science is rational because scientific communities hold a critical attitude to their aims, methods, and theories. The further philosophical research of the concept of critique may bring to light the very nature of rationality.