牛胰岛素事件及其科学社会学研究

The Event Bovine Insulin and Its Sociologic Study

中国科学家从1958年8月开始,经过七年多时间的艰苦努力,于1965年9月17日在世界上第一次用化学方法成功地合成结晶牛胰岛素,在国内外引起了巨大轰动,这是中华人民共和国在化学基础研究方面取得的第一项世界级水平的成果(以下简称牛胰岛素事件)。国内外对胰岛素合成的概况作了大量报道,发表了一些总结性或评论性的文章。但是,迄今为止,还没有人对此进行具体的、客观的科学社会学分析。本文在积累大量具体材料的基础上,重构中国现代科技史上这一历时七年多、十分引人注目的基础研究事例;把科学史的案例分析与科学社会学研究结合起来,指出科研组织良性运行的条件,构建政治—科学互动的新模式。

In September 17, 1965, by chemical method, Chinese scientists first successfully synthesized the crystalline bovine insulin in the world. That event has been historically reconstructed and sociologically analysed in this paper. The event of bovine insulin can be divided into five stages: to choose the subject, investigate, 'fight by large formations', readjust and strengthen, and to tackle key problems cooperatively. The influence of the social factors on that event, and the ways of interaction between systems of science and politics also have been analysed in this paper.