东亚飞蝗行为和形态型变的判定指标

Behavioral and morphological indices for phase transformation of oriental migratory locust Locusta migratoria manilensis

通过田间、室外罩笼、室内行为测试等一系列实验 ,研究了东亚飞蝗群居型和散居型之间的行为和形态差异 ,确立了东亚飞蝗不同生态型个体的形态和行为指标 .结果表明 ,雌雄散居型蝗蝻每分钟的跳跃次数均在 1 4以下 ,转向次数分别在 1 3和 1 4以下 ;雌雄群居型蝗蝻每分钟的跳跃次数均在 1 6以上 ,转向次数分别在 1 6和 1 5以上 .群居型蝗虫的跳跃次数、转向次数显著高于散居型蝗虫 ,所以跳跃次数、转向次数可作为东亚飞蝗行为型变判定指标 .在同型不同性别的蝗虫之间行为型变指标没有显著差异 .F/C值可作为 4龄以上东亚飞蝗的形态型变判定指标 ,而E/F值可作为东亚飞蝗成虫的形态型变判定指标 .两型的F/C值都随龄期的增长而增加 ,且同龄期雄虫F/C均大于雌虫F/C .F/C、E/F值在不同型态和同型不同性别间均存在极显著差异 .因此 ,确定两型形态型变标准时应将雌、雄虫分开 ,即雌性和雄性散居型第 4、5龄及成虫的F/C值分别大于 2 5、2 8、3 3和 2 6、2 9、3 5 ;雌性和雄性群居型第 4、5龄及成虫的F/C值分别小于 2 5、2 7、3 1和 2 5、2 8、3 3.成虫的E/F 值也可以作为成蝗形态型变的判断指标 .

Based on the data obtained from laboratory and field experiments,this paper established the morphological and behavioral indices for phase solitaria (S) and phase gregaria (G) of oriental migratory locust Locusta migratoria manilensis.S-females and S-males jumped 1.4 times·min -1 ,and the frequency of turning was 1 3 times·min -1 for S-females and 1.4 times·min -1 for S-males.G-females and G-males jumped 1.6 times·min -1 ,and the frequency of turning was 1.6 times·min -1 for G-females and 1.5 times·min -1 for G-males.Both jumping and turning behaviours were significantly greater (P<0.05) for gregaria locusts than for solitairia locusts.These behavioral parameters of the frequency of locust jumping and turning can be used as “the behavioral indices for phase transformation'.The F/C ratio and the E/F ratio might be used as the morphological indices for phase transformation of the gregaria and solitaria of Locusta migratoria manilensis.The F/C ratio goes up as the locust grows,but the F/C ratio of females from the 4th instar to adult is less than that of the male of the same instar and phase.Comparing with the F/C and E/F ratio of the male,those of the female exhibited significant difference in the same phase.The F/C ratio of the fourth instar,fifth instar and adults were 2.5,2.8 and 3.3 for S-females,and 2.6,2.9 and 3.5 for S-males.As for G-females and and G-males,the F/C ratio of the fourth instar,fifth instar and adults were 2.5,2.8,3.3 and 2.5,2.7,3.1,respectively.The E/F ratios of adults can be used as “the morphological phase indices for phase transformation'.