有机物料减轻设施连作黄瓜苗期病害的微生物效应

Effect of organic materials in controlling cucumber seedling diseases

在黄瓜已感染立枯病、枯萎病的连作土壤上 ,接种病原菌菌丝 ,施入 3种不同组分有机物料 (稻草、木屑、猪粪 ) ,分别用 1%、2 %、3% 3种用量研究不同有机物料减轻黄瓜枯萎病、立枯病的效果 .结果表明 ,抗病效果为稻草 >猪粪 >木屑处理 ,并随其用量的增加抗病效果更好 .土培试验结果表明 ,增施有机物料后土壤中细菌、氨化细菌、放线菌、真菌数量增加 .中稻草和猪粪对土壤微生物区系的影响大于木屑 .施用稻草后不仅土壤细菌、真菌数量增加 ,而且放线菌数量最高 ,青霉、木霉成为真菌的优势种属 .施用猪粪后土壤细菌数最多 ,以假单孢菌、芽孢杆菌为优势种属 ,真菌数也增多 .木屑处理的细菌、放线菌、真菌数量增加较少 ,但随着施入时间延长效果增强 .

In this work,pot experiments with organic materials were carried out to study the alleviation of Fusarim wilt and Rhizictonia wilt of cucumber and the changes of soil microorganism.The results showed that rice straw,pig feces and wood chip could alleviate Fusarium wilt and Rhizoctonia wilt of cucumber,and the effect of rice straw was most significant,followed by pig feces and wood chip.The amount of soil microbes was higher in organic materials treatments than in control. The total amount of actinomyces and epidhyte which can inhibit the growth of pathogen was the highest in rice straw treatment,followed by pig feces treatment.No significant change of soil microbial amount was found in wood chip treatment.