长期施肥对石灰性土壤磷素肥力的影响 Ⅰ.有机质、全磷和速效磷

Influence of long-term fertilization on phosphorus fertility of calcareous soil I Organic matter,total phosphorus and available phosphorus

在陕西关中黄土区连续 2 3年进行了不同施肥、小麦 玉米轮作定位试验 ,研究了 0～ 10 0cm土层土壤有机质、全磷、速效磷含量变化 .结果表明 ,长期单施化肥或有机肥与化肥且配施均可增加耕层 (0～ 2 0cm)土壤有机质含量 .长期施用厩肥并配施化肥处理对土壤总磷库及无机磷库、速效磷的贡献大于玉米秸秆处理 .长期单施化肥可增加土壤全磷、无机磷和速效磷含量 ,增加幅度低于厩肥和休闲处理 ,与秸秆处理对全磷、速效磷含量的影响效应相近 .2 3年的不同施肥处理 ,与无肥处理相比 ,其理土壤磷素增量在 0～10 0cm土壤剖面中的分布特点是 :全磷增量剖面分布可为 3层———耕层 (0～ 2 0cm)为显著累积层 ,2 0～ 6 0cm土层为微增 亏损层 ,6 0～ 10 0cm土层为轻度累积层 .速效磷增量剖面分布趋势与全磷增量分布趋势基本相同 ,仅在 6 0～ 10 0cm土层累积较弱 .

A 23 years-located experiment of wheat-corn rotation showed that long term application of animal manure combined with chemical fertilizer contributed greater to the contents of soil organic matter,total phosphorus,inorganic phosphorus and available phosphorus.Applying chemical fertilizer could increase soil organic matter,total phosphorus,inorganic phosphorus and available phosphorus contents,but the increment was lower than treatments animal manure and fallow.Compared with no fertilization,different fertilization treatment had its own distribution characteristics of soil organic matter,total phosphorus and available phosphorus in 0～100 cm soil layer.