传统中药白芍原植物分类鉴定及根形态解剖研究

Plant Identification and Root Anatomy of Traditional Chinese Medicine "Radix Paeoniae Alba" Ranunculaceae

对我国主产地的白芍(RadixPaeoniaalba)原植物10个居群进行调查及标本采集,植物鉴定结果为川白芍原植物粉红花居群为原变种芍药PaeonialactifloraPall.,白花居群为芍药变种毛果芍药P.lactifloravar.trichocarpa(Bunge)Stern;亳白芍原植物线条居群和蒲棒居群均为芍药;杭白芍原植物红花、白花、粉红花居群均为毛果芍药;陕西韩城、江苏东海、山东荷泽白芍均为芍药,各居群在花色及形态上有明显而稳定的变异。根横切面解剖结构显示,按木质部的排列方式可将白芍原植物10个居群分为两大类第一类为有呈两个不相连的扇形中央导管群,并且有狭长、具分枝的从形成层到根中央部分连续排列的木质部,基本上是原植物芍药的植物特征,其中亳白芍线条居群兼有毛果芍药和芍药的特征;第二类为具有不明显的根中央扇形导管束,导管束呈环状围绕中央排列,并且有粗短不分枝的靠近形成层处成群的导管,与原植物毛果芍药的特征基本一致,其中杭白芍红花居群与川白芍白花居群根中央导管群呈现较明显的2个分离扇形排列,类似芍药。白芍原植物的种分类定位与花色无密切关联,但由于性状的稳定,可以考虑作为变种或变型定位。

Specimens collected from ten populations of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. or P. lactiflora Pall. var.trichocarpa (Bunge) Stern grown in six plantation sites (provinces) in China were studied for the purpose ofidentifying the traditional Chinese herbs namely Chuanbaishao, Bobaishao, Hangbaishao, Hezebaishao, Donghai- baishao, and Hanchengbaishao. Morphologically, Chuanbaishao population with pink flowers was identified as P. lactiflora, while that with white flowers was P. lactiflora var. trichocarpa. As for Hangbaishao from ZhejiangProvince, all collections from populations with whether red or pink, or white flowers were recognized as var. trichocarpa. The rest were referred to P. lactiflora. The diagnostic anatomical features of the roots are described, a key for morphological identification of the plants is provided.