银川市某商场商业职工职业紧张调查

A study on occupational stress in commercial workers of a supermarket in Yinchuan

目的 探讨不同性别商业职工在职业紧张方面的差异。方法 采用职业紧张调查表(OSI)对 6 79名商业职工进行问卷调查 ,并对研究对象进行年龄、工龄、文化程度、婚姻状况及工种配对。结果 女性商业职工紧张因素总分为 14 3 4 8,人际关系、家庭 (工作 )平衡和组织气氛得分分别为30 86、2 0 82和 15 16 ,明显高于男性职工 (上述 4项得分分别为 134 89、2 8 6 1、18 75和 13 93) ,而心理卫生及心理满足因子得分为 39 86和 14 82 ,显著低于男性 (43 84和 17 6 6 ) ,提示女性职工的紧张程度高于男性 ,紧张的心理反应较男性严重。逐步回归分析结果显示 ,女性工作满意感最主要的影响因素为人际关系 ,男性的影响因素为组织气氛、管理角色与工作负荷 ;女性心理卫生最主要的影响因素为控制策略与组织气氛 ,男性为组织气氛与认知负荷 ;女性躯体不适最主要的影响因素为工作负荷 ,男性为支持策略与体育锻炼 ;女性紧张水平最主要的影响因素为支持策略 ,男性为应付策略。结论 女性商业职工在工作中较男性职工经历了更多的紧张 ,其紧张反应也较男性严重 。

Objective To study difference in occupational stress between men and women commercial workers in a supermarket in Yinchuan, Ningxia Methods Totally, 679 commercial workers in a supermarket were investigated with questionnaire of occupational stress indicator (OSI), matched on age, length of service, educational level, marital status and type of work Results Score of occupational stress factors, relationships, home/work balance and organizational atmosphere in women commercial workers was 143 48, 30 86, 20 82 and 15 16, respectively,obviously higher than that in men, with 134 89, 28 61, 18 75 and 13 93, respectively Score of psychological health and satisfacrion in women was 39 86 and 14 82, repectively, lower than that in men, with 43 84 and 17 66, respectively, which indicate that occupational stress in women was more severe with a more stressful psychological reaction than in men Stepwise regression analysis showed that the main predicting factor for job satisfaction was personal relationships in women, and organizational atmosphere, managerial role and workload in men Those for psychological health was control strategy and organizational atmosphere in women, and organizational atmosphere and recognition in men, those for physical illness was workload in women and support strategy and physical exercises in men, and those for stress level was support strategy in women and coping strategy in men Conclusions Women commercial workers experienced much more stress, with more severe stress reaction in their work, than men did The main factors affecting occupational stress reaction and level of stress in women and men were not quite similar