汉语称谓语中“偏离”现象的文化心理例谈

Cultural Mental State in "Diversion" Phenomenon of Chinese Titles

语言是文化的载体。称谓语是人际关系的一种标志 ,蕴藏着丰富的文化内涵。反规范形式的“偏离”称谓 ,正是一种文化与心理的偏离。这种偏离现象 ,有的仍是在汉民族传统文化如宗法制度、礼教文化或民俗下的偏离 ,没有脱离民族文化的轨迹 ,而有的偏离现象却是对民族文化与心理的根本偏离。职衔敬称、亲称泛化、反语昵称等是汉语特有的称谓文化 ,但“礼为上 ,情不言”以及以老为尊等传统文化如今已面临挑战。

Language is a carrier of culture. As a sign of interpersonal relationship, the use of titles contains rich cultural connotations. Therefore, the use of 'diversion' titles is just a diversion in culture and mental state, some of which are not diverted from the cultural track of Han Nationality but only diversions from its traditional culture such as the patriarchal clan system, culture of manners and folk-custom. But in some phenomenon the diversions are from fundamental national culture and mental state. The respected post and rank titles, extensive intimate titles, and nickname in enantiosis are special culture in title application. But the traditional culture of 'treasuring manners and withholding feelings' and respecting the elders has been facing challenges. The use of titles as a reflection of cultural mental state depends on specific context.