胫骨pilon骨折手术疗效的相关因素分析

The prognostic relative factors in treatment of tibial pilon fracture

目的探讨影响胫骨pilon骨折手术疗效的相关因素。方法1997年1月～1999年12月,手术治疗32例单侧胫骨pilon骨折,术后16例出现伤口并发症、关节退行性变及关节强直,男13例,女3例;年龄25～55岁,平均36.5岁;坠落伤7例,交通伤5例,砸伤3例,其它损伤1例。开放性骨折6例,均行急诊手术;闭合性骨折10例,伤后至手术时间为2～25d,平均8.1d。根据Ruedi-Allgower分型,Ⅱ型7例,Ⅲ型9例。7例行切开复位钢板内固定,9例行有限切开固定并辅以石膏托外固定。结果术后随访12～36个月,平均24个月。采用Mazur评分系统评估手术疗效,可6例,其中Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型2例;差10例,其中Ⅱ型3例,Ⅲ型7例。术后发生创面不能闭合1例;切口感染4例,2例开放性骨折出现表浅感染,2例闭合性骨折出现深部感染;关节退行性变9例,其中2例出现较严重的踝关节内翻;关节强直11例。结论影响胫骨pilon骨折手术疗效的相关因素有骨折类型、胫骨关节面的复位质量和手术时机的选择、腓骨骨折的复位和固定、移植骨的填充及钢板支撑固定等因素。

Objective To analyze prognostic relative factors in treatment by evaluating the surgical results of tibial pilon fracture retrospectively. Methods 32 cases with unilateral tibial pilon fracture were treated operatively between January 1997 and December 1999. Among them, 16 cases were found with unsatisfied results due to incisional complications, degenerative changes and stiffness of the ankle joint. Of 16 cases, there were 13 males and 3 females. The average age was 36.5 years (range, 25 to 55 years). The mechanisms of injury were fall in 7 cases, traffic accident in 5 cases, crash in 3 cases and other cause in 1 case. 6 cases with open fracture were treated in emergency. However, 10 cases with closed fracture were operated with an average interval of 8.1 days from injury to surgery(range, 2 to 25 days). According to the Ruedi-Allgower classification, there were type Ⅱ fracture in 7 cases and type Ⅲ fracture in 9 cases. Furthermore, there were 14 cases associated with fibular fracture. During operation, 7 cases were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with plates and screws, and 9 cases were treated with open reduced minimally and external fixation with a cast. Results The average period of follow-up was 24 months (range, 12 to 36 months). According to Mazurs criterion, the result of the treatment was evaluated as fair in 6 cases, 4 cases of which were type Ⅱ fracture, and 2 cases type Ⅲ fracture; poor in 10 cases, 3 cases of which were type Ⅱ fracture, and 7 cases type Ⅲ fracture. Complications included wound dehiscence in 1 case; infection in 4 cases, 2 of which with open fracture were superficial infection, and 2 cases with closed fracture were deep infection; posttraumatic arthritis of the ankle joint in 9 cases; and severe varus deformity in 2 cases.11 cases suffered from ankle stiffness. Conclusion Discouraged results of pilon fractures are significantly related to fracture type, reduction status and time of operation, reduction and fixation of fibular fracture, and bone grafting.