1927—1937年上海失业人群再就业状况述略

A sketch of re-employment of the unemployed people in Shanghai during 1927-1937

由于政局动荡、市面萧条、工商企业衰敝等因素的影响 ,1 92 7— 1 93 7年间上海的失业形势十分严重。在失业群体中 ,以民族工商业的工人、职员等男性青壮年为主 ,其文化程度总体上较低 ,失业的时间较长 ,谋生的压力较重。他们或力图通过社会中介机构谋求就业机会 ;或参加各类职业培训 ,提高再就业技能 ;或在政府和社会的帮助下 ,自主就业。就这一时期再就业的特点而言 ,一是传统的血缘、地缘关系仍是失业者在沪谋生的主要条件 ,同时市场化就业的趋势也日趋明显 ;二是就业竞争十分激烈 ,再就业的成功率不高 ;三是政府和社会在这一过程中形成了一定的分工。

During 1927-1937 Shanghai suffered a badly serious unemployment as a result of political turmoil,market stagnancy and business decline.The majority among those losing jobs were young male workers and clerks in the national businesses,most of whom lacked adequate education and faced heavy pressures of livelihood caused by long unemployment.They strived to find job opportunities via job centers,or to promote job skills by participation in various trainings,or to seek livings by his own means with the help of the government and the society.The characteristics of re-employment in this period include:1.Traditional kinship and geological relationship constituted prime conditions of making livings for those out of work.Meanwhile,the tendency of employment through markets became gradually evident.2.Competition got rather tough in employment;the re-employment rate was low.3.Division of work was to some extent shaped between the government and the society in this course.