对虾免疫功能指标的建立及其应用

The Establishment and Application of Immune Indexes of Penaeid Shrimp

对虾与其它的无脊椎动物一样,缺乏特异性免疫系统,而主要以天然的免疫反应为主.它们主要是通过酚氧化酶原激活系统,抗菌肽,凝集素等的作用来达到抗病抑菌,消除异物的目的.通过测定抗病的和注射微生物后的日本对虾几个免疫因子的活性,发现它们的酚氧化酶,溶血作用,过氧化物酶,凝集作用等较普通的日本对虾有不同程度的提高.而注射微生物后在不同时间对这些免疫因子活性的测定,发现在注射后6h,日本对虾有较高的免疫反应.通过这几个指标的测定,对判断虾是否具有高免疫水平/抗病能力提供一个参考.

Shrimp lacks adaptive immune system. As for other invertebrates, innate immune mechanisms contribute to the shrimp defense reaction by limiting microbial invasions or by helping the clearance/killing of the invading microbes from the blood and tissues. They protect themselves against pathogens by the activities of phenoloxidase (PO), antimicrobial peptides, lectins, peroxidase (POD), hemolysin and so on. It was found by this experiment that the virus-resistant or microbe-challenged Penaeus japonicus hold higher activities of PO, POD and hemolysin. It's also found that after 6 hours of microbial challenge, the immune factors of the shrimp reached the highest activity. According to these data, the shrimp could be roughly judged whether they have high immune reaction or antiviral ability.