北方冬麦区高肥区域试验品种产量性状分析与探讨

Studies on the Yield Traits of the High-yielding Wheat Varieties of the North China Winter Wheat Regions

对北方冬麦区1983～1988年高肥区域试验的80个参试品种的产量性状进行相关与通径分析。结果表明,北部冬麦区和黄淮麦区北片参试品种的增产因素主要是穗粒重,其次是亩穗数;黄淮南片参试品种的穗粒重与亩穗数对产量的贡献几乎相等,亩穗数稍大于穗粒重。鉴于直线相关是有一定范围的,结合各片的生态条件及育种实践,认为培育400公斤以上的高产品种,应该是限定株高在一定范围内,力争每亩穗数与每穗粒重相协调,穗粒重是进一步提高产量的关键,增加穗粒数是提高产量的突破口。北部冬麦区在保证足够亩穗数(45万左右)的基础上,选育穗分化速度快的大穗、多花类型品种增加穗粒数,提高穗粒重。而矮杆、抗倒类型品种也可以继续提高亩穗数到50万穗左右,以亩穗数夺高产;黄淮南片在现有亩穗数(40万左右)的基础上培育大穗型品种,增加穗粒数,提高穗粒重,黄淮北片两种途径均可采用。

Correlation study and path analysis were made using data of the yield traits of 80varieties from the high fertility level regional tests of the North China Winter WheatRegions from 1983 to 1988. The results indicated that the most important factor forthe increase of grain yield in the North Winter Wheat Sub-region and the northernpart of the Huang- Huai Winter Wheat Sub-region is kernel weight per spike, with thenumber of spikes per mu ranking the second. The contributions of kernel weight perspike and the number of spikes per mu to the increase of production were nearly thesame with varieties from the Southern,part of the Huang-Huai Winter WheatSub-rigion, although the contribution of the latter seemed to be slightly larger. Sincelinear correlation studies are usually limited within certain ranges, different breeding ob-jectives should be elaborated for the different ecolgical conditions and breeding prac-tices of the different regions. It is therefore considered that to achieve the objectives ofbreeding for wheat varieties yielding more than 400kg per mu, the spikes per mushould be congruent with the kernels per spike while limiting the plarit height withina certain range. For the 3 particular regions, the following yield component structuresshould be involved in: 1). On the basis of sufficient spikes 450 thousand per mu, se-lect variety of larger spikes of high spike differentiation rate to increase kernel weightper spike, while short-straw and resistance to lodging variety may increase spikes permu to 500 thousand for the North Winter Wheat Sub-region. 2). High kernelweight per spike through the development of types with larger spikes, withoutincreasing the present number of spikes 400 thousand per mu for the Southern part ofHuang-Huai Winter Wheat Sub-region and 3). Either structure of 1 or 2 is adapta-ble for the northern part of the Huang-Huai Winter Wheat Sub-region.