幼穗无性系变异在小麦育种上的应用

Application of Somaclonal Variation in Wheat Breeding

冬小麦(综抗矮6号×泰山1号)F_1代花培H_1代纯系经幼穗离体培养建立的13—7管无性系获得一株R_0代种子,后代变异类型多、频率高,其R_2、R_3代株高、抽穗期都呈一个正态分布、连续性变异,调查的几个性状在R_3代稳定率已达84.85—100％。已从稳定品系中选择出一批不同株高和高蛋白材料,其中4个品系比对照冀麦6号增产17.2—35.8％,2个品系比对照早熟3天,3个品系的千粒重比对照提高7.2—13.7克。

An H_1 pure line obtained by anther culture of the F_1 of a winter wheat cross,Zongkangai No. 6 /Taishan No. 1, was used in immature inflorescence culture andthe seed of the only successful R_0 plant was harvested. Studies on the progenies ofthis R_0 plant showed that in vitro culture could lead to high frequency of numerouskinds of somaclonal variation in different characters. For example, both the plantheight and the heading date of the R_2 and R_3 progenies seemed to be continuous varia-tion presenting a normal distribution. The stability of several characters investigatedhave already reached 84.85--100% in R_3 generation. From the stable lines, a batchof different height and high protein content materials have been selected, in which 4lines yielded 17.2--35.8% more than the check, Jimai No.6, 2 lines were 3 daysearlier and the 1000-kernel weight of 3 lines were 7.2--13.7 g more than the check.