高粱籽粒蛋白质及其组份的配合力与杂种优势分析

Analysis for the Combining Ability and Heterosis of Percent Crude Protein and It's Fractions of Sorghum

本文以格里芬双列杂交模式Ⅱ设计,分析了高梁籽粒粗蛋白质含量及其4种组份和赖氨酸、色氨酸含量的配合力与杂种优势。结果表明,粗蛋白、清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白、醇溶谷蛋白、赖氨酸含量等6个品质性状的σ_(gca)~2和σ_(sca)~2均达1％或5％显著平准,受加性和非加性基因效应的共同作用,其中加性基因效应作用占优势;色氨酸含量σ_(gca)~2达1％显著平准,但σ_(sca)~2不显著,其表现仅与加性基因效应有关。黑壳小关东青(朝阳)和关东青(昭盟)两个品种在粗蛋白、清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白及赖氨酸和色氨酸含量上表现了相对较高的GCA效应和较低的SCA方差,在醇溶谷蛋白上表现了较低的GCA效应,是蛋白质改良杂优育种的理想材料。对7个品质性状的杂优分析表明,利用其F_1显性优势有一定困难;醇溶谷蛋白和谷蛋白的中亲优势与粗蛋白的中亲优势有较密切的关系。

The combining ability and heterosis of percent crude protein, albumin, globulin,prolamin, glutelin,lysine and tryptophane were analysed with the Griffing 5×5 diallelmodel Ⅱ. The results indicated that the σ_(gca)~2 and σ_(sca)~2 for percent crude, protein,albumin, globulin, glutelin, prolamin and lysine were all significant at 1% or 5% lev-el, and were therefore controlled by both additive and non-additive gene effect, butthe effect of the additiive gene effect was much more important than the non-additive.The σ_(gca)~2 for tryptophane was also significant at 1% level, but the σ_(sca)~2 for it was not.implicating that the phenotypic character of tryptophane content was controlled byadditive gene effect only. The varieties ‘small-black-shell Green Guandong’ and ‘GreenGuandong’ expressed a relatively higher GCA effect and smaller SCA variance forpercent crude protein, albumin, globumin, glutelin, lysine and tryptophane, and asmaller GCA effect for prolamin content, thus were considered ideal parents for thebreeding of both protein content and protein quality. Analysis of heterosis for the 7quality traits indicated that it is difficult to utilize their dominant heterosis. Theheterosis over mid-parent for percent prolamin and glutelin seemed to be closely relatedto that of the percent crude protein.