化学起爆的动力学过程研究

A STUDY ON THE KINETICS OF CHEMICAL INITIATION

本文研究了化学起爆剂BrF3、NF4 BF4 与有机燃料的化学反应动力学过程 ,实测了动力学参数 ,并在约束和非约束条件下实现了液化石油气、环氧丙烷气云的化学一次起爆。研究结果证实 ,化学一次起爆能够实现的主要因素是该自加速化学反应活化能较低 ,自由化学键的给予体具有极强的化学活性 ,NaBrF4 与液化石油气反应的活化能为 6 2kJ/mol,NF4 BF4 与环氧丙烷、液化石油气反应活化能为 8 9和 6 2kJ/mol,远低于一般化学反应的活化能 (4 1 84～ 4 18 4kJ/mol)。化学起爆剂与有机燃料的反应诱导时间在 0 1～

The process of chemical reaction dynamics between the ignition agents and fuels was studied to understand theoretically and experimentally the chemical ignition mechanism. Some reaction dynamics parameters of 1,2-epoxypropane(PO) and liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) on reacting with BrF 3 and NF 4BF 4 were measured by experiment, and the chemical ignition in confined and unconfined tests were performed. The results of tests show that the chemical ignition process in fuel-air mixture is a typical self-accelerated chemical reaction with an induction time. In the reaction of initiation agents with fuels and oxygen, some free bonds move to the products from the reaction, which accelerates the chain generation rate, causing the chain generation rate to become much higher than the chain termination rate. The results from the experiments show that, for NaBrF 4 , the activation energy in reaction with LPG and epoxypropane is 6.2kJ/mol and 22.1 kJ/mol respectively, while for NF 4BF 4, it is 8.9 kJ/mol and 6.7 kJ/mol respectively, far less than the general reaction activation energy (41.84～418.4kJ/mol). The induction time for the reaction is in the region 0.1～1ms.The results of the chemical ignition under the confined and unconfined conditions show that the agents (BrF 3, NF 4BF 4) could ignite the LPG and epoxypropane cloud effectively.