英国养老制度市场化改革对劳动力市场的影响——对中国的三点重要启示

The Positive Impacts of the Privatization of Pension Reform upon the Labor Markets in UK:Three Points Can Be learnt for China

英国自20世纪80年代以来进行了较为成功的经济体制改革,而社会养老制度改革是英国宏观经济改革的重要组成部分。文章就英国社会养老制度改革对英国劳动力市场的影响进行了理论和实证分析,考察了英国社会养老计划对劳动力供给的影响;指出英国的社会养老制度市场化改革特别是推出个人养老金计划增加了劳动力市场的流动性,增强了劳动力市场的弹性。劳动力市场弹性的提高,促进了产出的:噌长和企业竞争力的提高。

Pension reform, as part of the Thatcherian reforms in various economic sectors, began in 1986. After almost 20 years, its valuable impacts on the nation's economy have been now visualized. This paper discusses, from both empirical and theoretical perspective, how the pension system reform has introduced the flexibility into the labor market and how the latter influences the supply of labor. The argument is that the privatization-oriented reform of the pension system, especially the introduction of the individual pension plans, has enhanced the fluidity, mobility and flexibility of labor market, the competitiveness of the firms have been improved and their outputs increased, compared with other European countries.