咖啡多胚现象与多胚苗形态发育的研究

The Polyembryony and Morphogenesis of Multi-seedlings in Coffee

通过目测筛选出咖啡多胚豆(种子)，对其进行离体胚培养获得幼小植株，观察分析了多胚及其幼苗的形态发育特征。结果表明，不同倍性咖啡种质均存在多胚现象，不同材料的双胚率不同(变幅在1．06‰～4．46‰)，其中四倍体材料普遍比二倍体的高。多胚豆中胚的形态和着生位置各异。多胚再生植株生长发育特点各不相同，一般大胚再生植株生长发育正常；小胚植株长势弱，出现畸形植株及生长过程中天亡等现象。同一咖啡豆中远离正常胚位的额外胚可能是由胚囊外的体细胞发育而形成的不定胚。

The polyembryonic materials of coffee were selected by eye survey and in vitro culturedin this study. Observation of morphological characters was performed on polyembryonies and gen-erated seedlings. The results showed that polyembryony existed in different multiploid coffee materials,the twin embryos rate varied in different materials from 1.06 to 4.46 among them, the twin em-bryos rate in 4X materials was higher than that in 2X materials. The shape and position of the embryosin seeds and growth characters of the seedlings with polyembryony in all the materials tested werevery different. In general, the generated seedlings from big embryo grew normally and those fromsmall embryo were weak, abnomrmal or died during growth.