美味猕猴桃海沃德与毛花猕猴桃种间杂交及优株的选育

Interspecific Hybridization Between Species of Actinidia L. and Breeding of Superior Selection

对美味猕猴桃海沃德(2n=6x=174)和毛花猕猴桃(2n=2x=58)进行种间杂交的试验结果表明,两种间杂交有一定程度的亲和性,杂种F1实生苗的形态特征,除个别性状倾向双亲一方外,其余均介于双亲之间,其中花瓣颜色尤为明显:全部杂种雌株的花为白色,与母本的相同,雄株有白色、桃红色和桃、白两色相间的3种类型。从杂种胚培养的实生苗中选出一株优良雌株,染色体数接近4倍体;过氧化物同工酶谱介于双亲之间。并就杂交双亲的倍性和其杂交亲和程度进行了讨论。

The study deals with investigation of interspecific hybridization between Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward (2n=6x=174) and A.eriantha (2n=2x=58) for breeding superior selections. 26 hybrid seedlings had been obtained through hybridization and cultivation for many years. The main results obtained were: 1) The interspecific hybridization, A. deliciosa cv.Hayward x A. eriantha appeared to be some degree of compatibility based on its rate of fructification (53.3%) and normal seeds (53.9%); 2) Although the general morphological characters of all the hybrid seedlings appeared to be intermediate type, i.e.,between paternal and maternal type,however,the individual characters of some hybrid seedlings tended to paternal side, such as leave shape and fruit size,or others maternal,such as flower colour; 3) The noticeable divergence in hybrid seedlings was the flower colour. In all the female hybrid seedlings, the flowers were white in colour, the same as that of maternal, but in all the male hybrid seedlings, the flower colour was divided into three kinds: white flowers; red flowers (the same as that of A. eriantha) and peach-white flowers ( in which the periphery of petal was white colour, while the inside of petal periphery was peach colour). A superior female plant,hybrid seedling Ⅲ-6,had been selected from the hybrid seedlings obtained by embryo rescue method. The chromosome ploidy in hybrid Ⅲ-6 was near tetraploid and isoperoxidase banding patterns of it appeared to be intermediate type, i.e. between paternal and maternal type. The commercial characteristics of hybrid Ⅲ-6 fruits were superior and genetically stable through many years of experimental observation. In addition, the relationship between the ploidy levels of cross parents and the success or failure of interspecific cross in the genus Actinidia was discussed.