梨属植物分类的历史回顾及新进展

A Historic Retrospect and the Progress in the Taxonomy of the Genus Pyrus

一般相信梨属植物的原种起源于第三纪的我国西部和西南部的山区。根据其原生分布,分为东方梨和西方梨。由于梨属植物分布范围广,加上梨属种间很容易发生自然杂交,梨属植物的分类至今仍存在很多问题。被大多数植物分类学家所认可的种大约在30个左右。我国是东方梨种的主要起源地,我国分类学家相信有13个种起源于我国。不仅如此,我国也是世界上梨品种类型最多的国家。主栽系统有砂梨、白梨、秋子梨和新疆梨等。最新的分子生物学证据表明,白梨、砂梨和日本梨系统可能起源于共同的祖先:分布于我国长江流域的野生砂梨。考虑到白梨在我国梨栽培中的重要地位,建议用Pyruspyrifoliavar.sinensis(Lindley)TengetTanabe来表示白梨系统。

The basic Pyrus stock is believed to arise during the Tertiary period in the mountainous regions in western and southwestern China. According to their original distribution, pears can be arranged into two geographic groups: Oriental pears and Occidental pears. Because of the vast distribution of Pyrus and easy interspecific hybridization, the taxonomy of the genus is still problematic. About 30 species are generally accepted by most taxonomists. China includes the majority of Oriental pear species and there are 13 species native to China, from which four groups of commercial pear cultivars have been originated: Ussurian pear, Chinese white pear, Chinese sand pear and Xinjiang pear. New information from DNA-based markers indicates that the cultivars of Chinese sand pear, Chinese white pear and Japanese pear may have been originated from the common progenitor : P. pyrifolia which occurs in central and South China. A new nomenclature for Chinese white pear has been proposed: P. pyrifolia var. sinensis Teng & Tanabe.