电动汽车能耗分配及影响因素分析

Analysis of Energy Consumption Distribution and Factors of Influence in Electric Vehicles

为了在电动汽车设计中合理分配有限的车载能源,对电动汽车各耗能部件能耗情况进行了研究.确定了电动汽车能耗评价指标,分析了车身设计、工况和温度等因素对能耗的影响.通过实际的测量和分析,得到了电动汽车耗能部件的能耗分配关系,纯电动大客车驱动效率约为75%.提出了再生制动、加强部件润滑、轻量化设计、减小电池内阻等降低能量消耗率的措施和方案.

In order to make rational use of the limited vehicle energy resources in an electric vehicle, the energy consumption of every dissipative element is studied. The indexes in energy consumption evaluation are confirmed. Influencing factors on energy consumption regarding vehicle body design, runtime conditions and temperature are analyzed. Through practical tests the energy consumption distribution of vehicular components is obtained. The efficiency of driving of the vehicle is found to be about 75%, measures of decreasing energy consumption rate such as that of regenerative braking, reinforcing lubrication, lightweight design and of decreasing battery internal resistance are each given attention to and well taken care of.