农田精确施肥决策支持系统的设计和实现

Designing and Implementation of a Decision Supporting System for Precision Fertilization (DSSPF)

采用GIS组件Mapobjects,以作物管理知识模型为智能决策支撑,将GIS、GPS和模型进行耦合与集成,建立基于田区作物产量、土壤养分和苗情监测的农田精确施肥决策支持系统。本系统可接受GPS信号、录入与修改属性数据,查询和分析农田信息的时空差异,生成基于田区差异的肥料运筹和播种密度处方。系统在南京六合水稻示范区进行了模拟应用。结果表明,该区在产量提高的同时,施氮量由采用农户常规管理220 kg·ha-1减少为183.4kg·ha-1,在空间尺度上,既有效补充了严重缺氮的地块,也避免了在不需再投或只需少投的地块投入过多;在时间尺度上,按作物在关键生育期的养分需求,合理调配施用次数和施用时间,提高肥料利用率。

Integrating GIS, GPS and a knowledge model for crop management, a decision supporting system forprecision fertilization was developed with Mapobjects based on field yield, soil nutrient and growth condition. The systemcan be utilized to receive GPS signals, store and modify property data, search and analyse field information under differentspatial and temporal environments, and make prescription maps for fertilizer and planting density. As shown in a riceexperiment carried out in Liuhe County, Nanjing with the application of the system the yield substantially improved whilethe amount of nitrogen applied decreased from 220 kgha-1 (with traditional management methodology) to 183.4 kgha-1. Thispositive result is restlted from the fact that the system can efficiently supply nitrogen to the fields according to their spatialneeds and reasonably administrate the frequency and timing of fertilization for the crops based on their nutrient demand atkey growth stages.