禽流感疫苗研究进展

Research Progress on Avian Influenza Vaccine

禽流感是由正黏病毒科流感病毒属的A型流感病毒引起的 ,发生于各种家禽和野鸟的一种急性传染病。由于其重要的经济和公共卫生学意义 ,使得禽流感的防治显得突出重要。疫苗的使用是控制禽流感的主要手段。目前实际应用中仍以禽流感全病毒灭活疫苗为主 ,但由于其潜在的缺点使得人们将目光转向其它类型疫苗的研制。从常规疫苗、新型疫苗和交叉保护性疫苗三个方面对禽流感疫苗研究进展加以阐述。常规疫苗包括基因工程亚单位疫苗和重组活载体疫苗 :新型疫苗主要有冷适应流感弱毒疫苗 ,基因工程活流感病毒疫苗 ,复制缺陷型病毒疫苗 ,DNA疫苗 ,RNA复制子疫苗 ,表位疫苗等 :交叉保护性疫苗主要依据流感病毒表面的保守蛋白M和NP的特性 ,构建疫苗来达到交叉保护的目的。

Avian influenza is caused by Avian influenza virus,Which is a member of family orthomyxoviridae,subfamily influenza virus and is the agent of acute infectious disease in all kinds of poultry and wild birds.Due to the importance role in economic and common healthy,The precaution and controlling of avian influenza become urgently necessary.The application of vaccine is the valid method of controlling avian influenza.Here we review recent advances in AIV vaccine.Currently,The inactivated influenza virus vaccines is the main vaccine in preventing AIV.Responsible for it's shortage,The inactivated influenza virus vaccines will be challenged by other novel vaccines.The novel vaccines are not only being used to control the homogeneous AIV,but also to provide a universal protect against all types of AIV.;