也谈巴蜀货币及其相关问题

Discussion on The Currency of Ba and Shu States

巴、蜀国未铸币。见于列国遗址的桥形铜片非货币而为铜璜,是上个世纪五六十年代学术界的共识。但随着近十几年巴蜀青铜文化大发现,这一问题又被提了出来。本文先是重新审视了各地桥形铜片的出土环境(部位、伴存物件)、形制特点和存在时限,判定它与配饰品关系多多,并找到它在商周组玉佩的发展与衰减中的位置,遂确认它源于玉佩中的璜。为规范文物定名,建议统一命名为铜璜而不再它称。最后,从巴蜀国的时代背景、经济文化状况及其同周边国家关系、货币铸行规律等多方面考察,认为巴蜀国可能仍处在实物货币阶段,使用盐、帛(布)类为交换媒介。

In the 1950's and 1960's,scholars thought that bridge-shaped copper sheets found in many sites of different states were not used as currency but as copper Huang,in fact,there was no currency in Ba and Shu states in the warring states period.Whereas it is doubted now with richer data coming from big findings of Ba and Shu states in the Past decades.The author examines closely the excavated conditions of bridge-shaped sheet copper of different areas, including its location, other articles in the same unit, its character and existing period.And then the author finds this kind of sheet copper is intimate with the adorned accouterments and its position is clear in the rising and declining process of group jade accouterments in Shang and Zhou dynasties.Therefore the author considers that the bridge-shaped sheet copper origins from jade Huang.In order to standardize the cultural relics' name,the author suggests scholars call it 'copper Huang'.At last,the author analysis the era background of Ba and Shu states,its economy and cultural conditions,its relations with surrounding states and the monetization law.As a conclusion,the author points out it is most possible that people bartered with salt,silk fabrics,etc.in Ba and Shu states.