提高气垫导轨实验精度的方法

Methods in reinforcing accuracy of air cushion track experiment

气垫导轨是普通物理实验中最常用,较精密的仪器,利用它可以验证牛顿运动定律,动量守恒定律,测重力加速度g值及弹簧振子的简谐运动研究等多个实验。它采用了光电计时和气垫漂浮,可以准确计时并将运动摩擦所引起的误差降到最小程度。本文仅对用气垫导轨测重力加速度g值的实验进行研究,重点介绍通过改进实验方法和完善测量条件,减小实验误差,提高测量值的准确度。

Air cushion track is a kind of precise device used usually in general physical experiment, which may be applicable to many experiments such as verification of Newton's motion law and momentum --conservation law, measurement of gravity--acceleration g and simple harmonic motion of spring vibrator etc. With photoelectric timing and air cushion floating, it may exactly measure time and lower the error caused by motion friction to a minimum. The article only makes a study of the experiment in measuring gravity--acceleration g with air cushion track and focuses on lowering experimental error and reinforcing accuracy of measurement values by improving experimental method and perfecting experimental condi-- tions.